WhenToBird

Bucephala albeola · Anatidae

When Do Buffleheads Arrive in Maryland?

Adult Bufflehead
Photo: Robert Harris, CC BY 4.0 via iNaturalist

Buffleheads are winter birds in Maryland: the first arrive in late October, they are common by the second week of November, peak in early January (19% of checklists), and most are gone by early April.

When to look

First arrivalsOct 22-31late October
Common byNov 8-14the second week of November
PeakJan 1-7early January
Most gone byApr 1-7early April

Best: early January. First arrivals late October; most are gone by early April. Peak: on about 19% of Maryland checklists.

  1. Janpeak season
  2. Febpeak season
  3. Marpeak season
  4. Aprcommon
  5. Mayrare
  6. Junnot usually seen
  7. Julnot usually seen
  8. Augnot usually seen
  9. Sepnot usually seen
  10. Octuncommon
  11. Novpeak season
  12. Decpeak season

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%10%20%30%Jan 1-7: 19% of 28716 checklistsJan 8-14: 18% of 21449 checklistsJan 15-21: 19% of 21267 checklistsJan 22-31: 17% of 29144 checklistsFeb 1-7: 19% of 21347 checklistsFeb 8-14: 16% of 22166 checklistsFeb 15-21: 15% of 29986 checklistsFeb 22-28: 18% of 22427 checklistsMar 1-7: 15% of 21389 checklistsMar 8-14: 14% of 22192 checklistsMar 15-21: 13% of 22823 checklistsMar 22-31: 11% of 33720 checklistsApr 1-7: 9.5% of 25513 checklistsApr 8-14: 6.1% of 27718 checklistsApr 15-21: 3.6% of 29328 checklistsApr 22-30: 1.5% of 42595 checklistsMay 1-7: 0.7% of 38532 checklistsMay 8-14: 0.5% of 42722 checklistsMay 15-21: 0.3% of 31936 checklistsMay 22-31: 0.3% of 36903 checklistsJun 1-7: 0.2% of 23191 checklistsJun 8-14: 0.2% of 21853 checklistsJun 15-21: 0.1% of 21000 checklistsJun 22-30: 0.1% of 25133 checklistsJul 1-7: 0.1% of 18715 checklistsJul 8-14: 0.1% of 16376 checklistsJul 15-21: 0.1% of 15793 checklistsJul 22-31: 0.2% of 21969 checklistsAug 1-7: 0.1% of 16013 checklistsAug 8-14: 0.1% of 15249 checklistsAug 15-21: 0.1% of 15674 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.2% of 24925 checklistsSep 1-7: 0.1% of 19808 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.1% of 18513 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.1% of 21901 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.1% of 22901 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.1% of 19111 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.1% of 18482 checklistsOct 15-21: 0.4% of 17380 checklistsOct 22-31: 1.6% of 23992 checklistsNov 1-7: 7.5% of 17915 checklistsNov 8-14: 16% of 18905 checklistsNov 15-21: 17% of 16259 checklistsNov 22-30: 20% of 22852 checklistsDec 1-7: 20% of 16108 checklistsDec 8-14: 18% of 16512 checklistsDec 15-21: 16% of 18952 checklistsDec 22-31: 20% of 29728 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Maryland that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Maryland

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Worcester CountyBest early February · 1183 checklists that week, 44,596 in all59%
  2. Queen Anne's CountyBest early February · 535 checklists that week, 26,875 in all43%
  3. St. Mary's CountyBest late January · 504 checklists that week, 20,572 in all42%
  4. Somerset CountyBest the second week of December · 58 checklists that week, 9,451 in all37%
  5. Talbot CountyBest mid December · 650 checklists that week, 31,140 in all34%
  6. Kent CountyBest early December · 262 checklists that week, 13,396 in all33%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Point Lookout Sp (Lake Conoy)St. Mary's County, best mid January · 23 checklists that week, 240 in all100%
  2. Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic ShrineBaltimore County, best late January · 32 checklists that week, 1,613 in all99%
  3. Thomas Point ParkAnne Arundel County, best the second week of January · 75 checklists that week, 1,416 in all99%
  4. Chesapeake Beach Veterand Memorial ParkCalvert County, best late January · 30 checklists that week, 432 in all98%
  5. Ferry PointDorchester County, best late February · 22 checklists that week, 173 in all98%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Maryland, the Bufflehead is most often listed on checklists started between 1 and 3 pm (9.9% of those checklists).

0%5%10%12 am: too few checklists (486) to judge1 am: too few checklists (451) to judge2 am: too few checklists (447) to judge3 am: too few checklists (766) to judge4 am: too few checklists (2076) to judge5 am: too few checklists (11098) to judge6 am: 4.1% of 56604 checklists7 am: 5.7% of 139255 checklists8 am: 6.4% of 148626 checklists9 am: 7.9% of 126820 checklists10 am: 8.6% of 106973 checklists11 am: 9.3% of 87483 checklists12 pm: 9.6% of 74808 checklists1 pm: 9.8% of 69428 checklists2 pm: 9.9% of 67800 checklists3 pm: 9.4% of 67688 checklists4 pm: 7.6% of 60927 checklists5 pm: 4.0% of 43876 checklists6 pm: 2.2% of 32930 checklists7 pm: too few checklists (19051) to judge8 pm: too few checklists (5708) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (1977) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (1170) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (635) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January19%18%19%17%
February19%16%15%18%
March15%14%13%11%
April9.5%6.1%3.6%1.5%
May0.7%0.5%0.3%0.3%
June0.2%0.2%0.1%0.1%
July0.1%0.1%0.1%0.2%
August0.1%0.1%0.1%0.2%
September0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%
October0.1%0.1%0.4%1.6%
November7.5%16%17%20%
December20%18%16%20%

Neighboring states

  • District of Columbia: arrives late October, in the same week than Maryland
  • Delaware: arrives late October, in the same week than Maryland
  • Virginia: arrives late October, in the same week than Maryland
  • Pennsylvania: arrives late October, in the same week than Maryland

Common questions

When do Buffleheads arrive in Maryland?
Buffleheads are winter birds in Maryland: the first arrive in late October, they are common by the second week of November, peak in early January (19% of checklists), and most are gone by early April.
When do Buffleheads leave Maryland?
Most Buffleheads have left Maryland by early April, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until late April.
When is the best time to see a Bufflehead in Maryland?
The Bufflehead is reported most often in early January, on about 19% of Maryland checklists.
Where in Maryland are Buffleheads seen most often?
By county, Worcester County, Queen Anne's County, and St. Mary's County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Bufflehead (counties with at least 200 checklists).