WhenToBird

Bucephala albeola · Anatidae

When Do Buffleheads Arrive in Minnesota?

Adult Bufflehead
Photo: Robert Harris, CC BY 4.0 via iNaturalist

Buffleheads reach Minnesota in early March, are common by the second week of March, peak in the second week of April (19% of checklists), and most are gone by the second week of May.

When to look

First arrivalsMar 1-7early March
Common byMar 8-14the second week of March
PeakApr 8-14the second week of April
Most gone byMay 8-14the second week of May

Best: the second week of April. First arrivals early March; most are gone by the second week of May. Peak: on about 19% of Minnesota checklists.

  1. Janrare
  2. Febrare
  3. Marcommon
  4. Aprpeak season
  5. Maycommon
  6. Junnot usually seen
  7. Julnot usually seen
  8. Augnot usually seen
  9. Sepnot usually seen
  10. Octuncommon
  11. Novcommon
  12. Decuncommon

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%10%20%30%Jan 1-7: 1.2% of 20628 checklistsJan 8-14: 1.0% of 14594 checklistsJan 15-21: 0.5% of 14238 checklistsJan 22-31: 0.5% of 20725 checklistsFeb 1-7: 0.6% of 14484 checklistsFeb 8-14: 0.3% of 15988 checklistsFeb 15-21: 0.4% of 20718 checklistsFeb 22-28: 0.8% of 15754 checklistsMar 1-7: 1.6% of 16125 checklistsMar 8-14: 4.6% of 19035 checklistsMar 15-21: 8.2% of 19586 checklistsMar 22-31: 12% of 30192 checklistsApr 1-7: 17% of 24262 checklistsApr 8-14: 20% of 30223 checklistsApr 15-21: 20% of 29085 checklistsApr 22-30: 16% of 43574 checklistsMay 1-7: 7.8% of 39300 checklistsMay 8-14: 2.6% of 45927 checklistsMay 15-21: 1.3% of 36632 checklistsMay 22-31: 0.5% of 43809 checklistsJun 1-7: 0.2% of 23418 checklistsJun 8-14: 0.2% of 20450 checklistsJun 15-21: 0.1% of 19470 checklistsJun 22-30: 0.1% of 23418 checklistsJul 1-7: 0.1% of 19104 checklistsJul 8-14: 0.1% of 16927 checklistsJul 15-21: 0.1% of 15635 checklistsJul 22-31: 0.1% of 22073 checklistsAug 1-7: 0.1% of 16255 checklistsAug 8-14: 0.2% of 16840 checklistsAug 15-21: 0.1% of 17475 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.2% of 26545 checklistsSep 1-7: 0.2% of 20750 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.1% of 18494 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.1% of 18215 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.2% of 24463 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.6% of 18252 checklistsOct 8-14: 1.7% of 19527 checklistsOct 15-21: 3.9% of 17098 checklistsOct 22-31: 6.4% of 24570 checklistsNov 1-7: 7.7% of 16744 checklistsNov 8-14: 8.9% of 13483 checklistsNov 15-21: 7.8% of 12525 checklistsNov 22-30: 7.1% of 17023 checklistsDec 1-7: 3.5% of 11645 checklistsDec 8-14: 1.9% of 11567 checklistsDec 15-21: 1.1% of 13343 checklistsDec 22-31: 0.9% of 19759 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Minnesota that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Minnesota

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Beltrami CountyBest mid November · 115 checklists that week, 6,476 in all48%
  2. Yellow Medicine CountyBest late March · 66 checklists that week, 1,931 in all44%
  3. Wadena CountyBest the second week of April · 15 checklists that week, 681 in all42%
  4. Lyon CountyBest the second week of April · 280 checklists that week, 4,283 in all41%
  5. Freeborn CountyBest early April · 38 checklists that week, 2,409 in all41%
  6. Marshall CountyBest late April · 171 checklists that week, 3,843 in all40%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Hunters LakeWright County, best early November · 20 checklists that week, 474 in all92%
  2. Blue LakeScott County, best early December · 28 checklists that week, 1,338 in all86%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Minnesota, the Bufflehead is most often listed on checklists started between 4 and 6 pm (5.2% of those checklists).

0%2%4%6%12 am: too few checklists (349) to judge1 am: too few checklists (331) to judge2 am: too few checklists (286) to judge3 am: too few checklists (364) to judge4 am: too few checklists (863) to judge5 am: too few checklists (7598) to judge6 am: 3.2% of 35775 checklists7 am: 3.4% of 90565 checklists8 am: 3.5% of 110612 checklists9 am: 4.0% of 106128 checklists10 am: 4.2% of 96131 checklists11 am: 4.5% of 83750 checklists12 pm: 4.7% of 76254 checklists1 pm: 4.9% of 73480 checklists2 pm: 5.1% of 73703 checklists3 pm: 5.1% of 75249 checklists4 pm: 5.0% of 68810 checklists5 pm: 5.3% of 51899 checklists6 pm: 4.9% of 38524 checklists7 pm: 3.3% of 25120 checklists8 pm: too few checklists (10568) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (2420) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (748) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (420) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January1.2%1.0%0.5%0.5%
February0.6%0.3%0.4%0.8%
March1.6%4.6%8.2%12%
April17%20%20%16%
May7.8%2.6%1.3%0.5%
June0.2%0.2%0.1%0.1%
July0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%
August0.1%0.2%0.1%0.2%
September0.2%0.1%0.1%0.2%
October0.6%1.7%3.9%6.4%
November7.7%8.9%7.8%7.1%
December3.5%1.9%1.1%0.9%

Neighboring states

  • Iowa: arrives the second week of February, 3 weeks earlier than Minnesota
  • Wisconsin: arrives the second week of October, 19 weeks earlier than Minnesota
  • South Dakota: arrives early October, 20 weeks earlier than Minnesota
  • North Dakota: arrives mid March, 2 weeks later than Minnesota

Common questions

When do Buffleheads arrive in Minnesota?
Buffleheads reach Minnesota in early March, are common by the second week of March, peak in the second week of April (19% of checklists), and most are gone by the second week of May.
When do Buffleheads leave Minnesota?
Most Buffleheads have left Minnesota by the second week of May, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until mid May.
When is the best time to see a Bufflehead in Minnesota?
The Bufflehead is reported most often in the second week of April, on about 19% of Minnesota checklists.
Where in Minnesota are Buffleheads seen most often?
By county, Beltrami County, Yellow Medicine County, and Wadena County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Bufflehead (counties with at least 200 checklists).