WhenToBird

Callipepla californica · Odontophoridae

When Do California Quails Arrive in Montana?

Adult California Quail
Photo: znot, CC BY 4.0 via iNaturalist

California Quails reach Montana in late September, are common by mid October, peak in the second week of May (1.8% of checklists), and most are gone by mid August.

When to look

First arrivalsSep 22-30late September
Common byOct 15-21mid October
PeakMay 8-14the second week of May
Most gone byAug 15-21mid August

Best: the second week of May. First arrivals late September; most are gone by mid August. Peak: on about 1.8% of Montana checklists.

  1. Jancommon
  2. Febcommon
  3. Marcommon
  4. Aprpeak season
  5. Maypeak season
  6. Junpeak season
  7. Julcommon
  8. Augcommon
  9. Sepcommon
  10. Octcommon
  11. Novcommon
  12. Decpeak season

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%0.5%1%1.5%2%Jan 1-7: 1.1% of 7987 checklistsJan 8-14: 1.2% of 5561 checklistsJan 15-21: 1.4% of 5613 checklistsJan 22-31: 1.0% of 7881 checklistsFeb 1-7: 1.1% of 5018 checklistsFeb 8-14: 1.3% of 5598 checklistsFeb 15-21: 1.3% of 7247 checklistsFeb 22-28: 0.9% of 5531 checklistsMar 1-7: 1.4% of 6110 checklistsMar 8-14: 1.1% of 6623 checklistsMar 15-21: 1.0% of 7687 checklistsMar 22-31: 1.4% of 11095 checklistsApr 1-7: 1.5% of 7774 checklistsApr 8-14: 1.5% of 8785 checklistsApr 15-21: 1.6% of 9684 checklistsApr 22-30: 1.7% of 13805 checklistsMay 1-7: 1.8% of 11847 checklistsMay 8-14: 1.8% of 13547 checklistsMay 15-21: 1.8% of 13019 checklistsMay 22-31: 1.8% of 20456 checklistsJun 1-7: 1.6% of 12993 checklistsJun 8-14: 1.6% of 11594 checklistsJun 15-21: 1.4% of 11159 checklistsJun 22-30: 1.3% of 13786 checklistsJul 1-7: 1.4% of 9584 checklistsJul 8-14: 1.3% of 9078 checklistsJul 15-21: 1.0% of 7905 checklistsJul 22-31: 1.2% of 10906 checklistsAug 1-7: 1.1% of 7335 checklistsAug 8-14: 1.3% of 6868 checklistsAug 15-21: 1.0% of 6866 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.9% of 10076 checklistsSep 1-7: 0.8% of 7670 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.6% of 7490 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.6% of 6804 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.9% of 8016 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.7% of 5996 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.9% of 6156 checklistsOct 15-21: 0.9% of 5742 checklistsOct 22-31: 1.0% of 7790 checklistsNov 1-7: 1.1% of 5353 checklistsNov 8-14: 1.0% of 5475 checklistsNov 15-21: 1.1% of 4603 checklistsNov 22-30: 1.4% of 6067 checklistsDec 1-7: 1.4% of 4362 checklistsDec 8-14: 1.5% of 4467 checklistsDec 15-21: 1.1% of 5328 checklistsDec 22-31: 1.5% of 6672 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Montana that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Montana

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Ravalli CountyBest early June · 447 checklists that week, 16,671 in all45%
  2. Missoula CountyBest the second week of May · 2231 checklists that week, 64,368 in all0.9%
  3. Lewis and Clark CountyBest the second week of April · 774 checklists that week, 28,806 in all0.1%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge (southwest)Ravalli County, best mid June · 27 checklists that week, 873 in all86%
  2. Lee Metcalf National Wildlife RefugeRavalli County, best early July · 25 checklists that week, 1,477 in all45%
  3. Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge (west)Ravalli County, best late June · 26 checklists that week, 903 in all20%
  4. Lee Metcalf National Wildlife Refuge (northeast)Ravalli County, best early May · 20 checklists that week, 838 in all17%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Montana, the California Quail is most often listed on checklists started between 6 and 8 am (2.6% of those checklists).

0%1%2%3%4%12 am: too few checklists (183) to judge1 am: too few checklists (169) to judge2 am: too few checklists (163) to judge3 am: too few checklists (212) to judge4 am: too few checklists (503) to judge5 am: too few checklists (4022) to judge6 am: 3.6% of 12719 checklists7 am: 2.2% of 31202 checklists8 am: 1.7% of 47646 checklists9 am: 1.1% of 44624 checklists10 am: 1.2% of 40704 checklists11 am: 1.2% of 33825 checklists12 pm: 1.1% of 29407 checklists1 pm: 1.2% of 27959 checklists2 pm: 1.0% of 26928 checklists3 pm: 0.8% of 25313 checklists4 pm: 0.8% of 22151 checklists5 pm: 0.8% of 16884 checklists6 pm: 1.1% of 13780 checklists7 pm: 1.2% of 9926 checklists8 pm: too few checklists (5765) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (2099) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (595) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (230) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January1.1%1.2%1.4%1.0%
February1.1%1.3%1.3%0.9%
March1.4%1.1%1.0%1.4%
April1.5%1.5%1.6%1.7%
May1.8%1.8%1.8%1.8%
June1.6%1.6%1.4%1.3%
July1.4%1.3%1.0%1.2%
August1.1%1.3%1.0%0.9%
September0.8%0.6%0.6%0.9%
October0.7%0.9%0.9%1.0%
November1.1%1.0%1.1%1.4%
December1.4%1.5%1.1%1.5%

Neighboring states

  • Idaho: year-round, peaks the second week of May
  • Utah: year-round, peaks the second week of May
  • Washington: arrives mid April, 21 weeks earlier than Montana
  • Oregon: arrives late April, 20 weeks earlier than Montana

Common questions

When do California Quails arrive in Montana?
California Quails reach Montana in late September, are common by mid October, peak in the second week of May (1.8% of checklists), and most are gone by mid August.
When do California Quails leave Montana?
Most California Quails have left Montana by mid August, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until early September.
When is the best time to see a California Quail in Montana?
The California Quail is reported most often in the second week of May, on about 1.8% of Montana checklists.
Where in Montana are California Quails seen most often?
By county, Ravalli County, Missoula County, and Lewis and Clark County have the highest peak reporting rates for the California Quail (counties with at least 200 checklists).