WhenToBird

Mareca strepera · Anatidae

When Do Gadwalls Arrive in Massachusetts?

Adult Gadwall
Photo: Anne Parsons, CC0 1.0 via iNaturalist

Gadwalls are winter birds in Massachusetts: the first arrive in late September, they are common by mid October, peak in early January (3.4% of checklists), and most are gone by the second week of June.

When to look

First arrivalsSep 22-30late September
Common byOct 15-21mid October
PeakJan 1-7early January
Most gone byJun 8-14the second week of June

Best: early January. First arrivals late September; most are gone by the second week of June. Peak: on about 3.4% of Massachusetts checklists.

  1. Janpeak season
  2. Febpeak season
  3. Marpeak season
  4. Aprcommon
  5. Maycommon
  6. Juncommon
  7. Juluncommon
  8. Auguncommon
  9. Sepuncommon
  10. Octcommon
  11. Novpeak season
  12. Decpeak season

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%1%2%3%4%Jan 1-7: 3.6% of 43252 checklistsJan 8-14: 3.5% of 30096 checklistsJan 15-21: 3.0% of 28760 checklistsJan 22-31: 3.0% of 38135 checklistsFeb 1-7: 2.8% of 26442 checklistsFeb 8-14: 2.7% of 29034 checklistsFeb 15-21: 2.7% of 37383 checklistsFeb 22-28: 2.7% of 29977 checklistsMar 1-7: 2.7% of 29175 checklistsMar 8-14: 2.4% of 32399 checklistsMar 15-21: 2.5% of 34444 checklistsMar 22-31: 2.6% of 49126 checklistsApr 1-7: 2.2% of 36456 checklistsApr 8-14: 1.8% of 40908 checklistsApr 15-21: 1.4% of 42078 checklistsApr 22-30: 1.3% of 56465 checklistsMay 1-7: 1.1% of 56994 checklistsMay 8-14: 1.3% of 64079 checklistsMay 15-21: 1.4% of 52020 checklistsMay 22-31: 1.5% of 55402 checklistsJun 1-7: 1.7% of 30682 checklistsJun 8-14: 1.4% of 27557 checklistsJun 15-21: 1.1% of 26163 checklistsJun 22-30: 0.9% of 29576 checklistsJul 1-7: 0.9% of 23931 checklistsJul 8-14: 0.5% of 22389 checklistsJul 15-21: 0.5% of 22365 checklistsJul 22-31: 0.3% of 32631 checklistsAug 1-7: 0.5% of 25133 checklistsAug 8-14: 0.6% of 24610 checklistsAug 15-21: 0.8% of 25350 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.7% of 37198 checklistsSep 1-7: 0.8% of 27402 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.8% of 27700 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.9% of 28398 checklistsSep 22-30: 1.1% of 34646 checklistsOct 1-7: 1.1% of 28620 checklistsOct 8-14: 1.2% of 30144 checklistsOct 15-21: 1.3% of 28893 checklistsOct 22-31: 1.9% of 38869 checklistsNov 1-7: 2.2% of 29782 checklistsNov 8-14: 2.5% of 27582 checklistsNov 15-21: 3.0% of 26642 checklistsNov 22-30: 3.1% of 34390 checklistsDec 1-7: 3.1% of 25164 checklistsDec 8-14: 2.5% of 24892 checklistsDec 15-21: 2.6% of 29022 checklistsDec 22-31: 3.2% of 44323 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Massachusetts that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Massachusetts

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Nantucket CountyBest mid February · 452 checklists that week, 23,895 in all17%
  2. Essex CountyBest early June · 3662 checklists that week, 213,973 in all9.7%
  3. Bristol CountyBest late November · 1540 checklists that week, 65,262 in all8.1%
  4. Plymouth CountyBest the second week of January · 1574 checklists that week, 89,282 in all7.5%
  5. Barnstable CountyBest the second week of January · 4850 checklists that week, 215,188 in all6.6%
  6. Hampden CountyBest the second week of March · 763 checklists that week, 35,410 in all5.6%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Arms House PondPlymouth County, best late December · 23 checklists that week, 670 in all89%
  2. Lot 15 Frost Fish CreekBarnstable County, best mid April · 29 checklists that week, 546 in all89%
  3. Mill Pond (Little Sandy Pond)Barnstable County, best late November · 25 checklists that week, 609 in all87%
  4. Clark PondEssex County, best early April · 22 checklists that week, 566 in all83%
  5. Long Pond Conservation AreaNantucket County, best late December · 36 checklists that week, 451 in all82%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Massachusetts, the Gadwall is most often listed on checklists started between 11 am and 1 pm (2.4% of those checklists).

0%1%2%3%12 am: too few checklists (630) to judge1 am: too few checklists (657) to judge2 am: too few checklists (645) to judge3 am: too few checklists (850) to judge4 am: too few checklists (3787) to judge5 am: too few checklists (29743) to judge6 am: 1.4% of 108601 checklists7 am: 1.4% of 186104 checklists8 am: 1.8% of 185905 checklists9 am: 2.0% of 166049 checklists10 am: 2.2% of 150508 checklists11 am: 2.4% of 131024 checklists12 pm: 2.3% of 116804 checklists1 pm: 2.2% of 112055 checklists2 pm: 2.3% of 110246 checklists3 pm: 2.0% of 104376 checklists4 pm: 1.5% of 83736 checklists5 pm: 1.1% of 63723 checklists6 pm: 0.7% of 41435 checklists7 pm: too few checklists (21041) to judge8 pm: too few checklists (5240) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (1722) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (1094) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (704) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January3.6%3.5%3.0%3.0%
February2.8%2.7%2.7%2.7%
March2.7%2.4%2.5%2.6%
April2.2%1.8%1.4%1.3%
May1.1%1.3%1.4%1.5%
June1.7%1.4%1.1%0.9%
July0.9%0.5%0.5%0.3%
August0.5%0.6%0.8%0.7%
September0.8%0.8%0.9%1.1%
October1.1%1.2%1.3%1.9%
November2.2%2.5%3.0%3.1%
December3.1%2.5%2.6%3.2%

Neighboring states

  • Rhode Island: arrives early October, 1 week later than Massachusetts
  • Connecticut: arrives mid October, 3 weeks later than Massachusetts
  • Vermont: arrives early March, 21 weeks later than Massachusetts
  • Maine: arrives late February, 20 weeks later than Massachusetts

Common questions

When do Gadwalls arrive in Massachusetts?
Gadwalls are winter birds in Massachusetts: the first arrive in late September, they are common by mid October, peak in early January (3.4% of checklists), and most are gone by the second week of June.
When do Gadwalls leave Massachusetts?
Most Gadwalls have left Massachusetts by the second week of June, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until mid June.
When is the best time to see a Gadwall in Massachusetts?
The Gadwall is reported most often in early January, on about 3.4% of Massachusetts checklists.
Where in Massachusetts are Gadwalls seen most often?
By county, Nantucket County, Essex County, and Bristol County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Gadwall (counties with at least 200 checklists).