WhenToBird

Mareca strepera · Anatidae

When Do Gadwalls Arrive in Virginia?

Adult Gadwall
Photo: Anne Parsons, CC0 1.0 via iNaturalist

Gadwalls are winter birds in Virginia: the first arrive in mid October, they are common by early November, peak in late January (9.3% of checklists), and most are gone by mid March.

When to look

First arrivalsOct 15-21mid October
Common byNov 1-7early November
PeakJan 22-31late January
Most gone byMar 15-21mid March

Best: late January. First arrivals mid October; most are gone by mid March. Peak: on about 9.3% of Virginia checklists.

  1. Janpeak season
  2. Febpeak season
  3. Marcommon
  4. Apruncommon
  5. Maynot usually seen
  6. Junnot usually seen
  7. Julnot usually seen
  8. Augnot usually seen
  9. Sepnot usually seen
  10. Octuncommon
  11. Novpeak season
  12. Decpeak season

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%5%10%Jan 1-7: 8.4% of 32817 checklistsJan 8-14: 8.8% of 25111 checklistsJan 15-21: 8.9% of 25510 checklistsJan 22-31: 9.5% of 34492 checklistsFeb 1-7: 9.4% of 24950 checklistsFeb 8-14: 7.1% of 28224 checklistsFeb 15-21: 5.4% of 43578 checklistsFeb 22-28: 7.6% of 26467 checklistsMar 1-7: 6.3% of 25851 checklistsMar 8-14: 5.4% of 25901 checklistsMar 15-21: 4.7% of 26747 checklistsMar 22-31: 2.9% of 40819 checklistsApr 1-7: 1.9% of 31351 checklistsApr 8-14: 1.3% of 33239 checklistsApr 15-21: 0.6% of 37284 checklistsApr 22-30: 0.3% of 54364 checklistsMay 1-7: 0.2% of 47698 checklistsMay 8-14: 0.2% of 46174 checklistsMay 15-21: 0.1% of 36444 checklistsMay 22-31: 0.2% of 43203 checklistsJun 1-7: 0.1% of 28503 checklistsJun 8-14: 0.1% of 25485 checklistsJun 15-21: 0.1% of 23728 checklistsJun 22-30: 0.1% of 28785 checklistsJul 1-7: 0.1% of 22294 checklistsJul 8-14: 0.1% of 20481 checklistsJul 15-21: 0.1% of 18914 checklistsJul 22-31: 0.1% of 26976 checklistsAug 1-7: 0.1% of 19555 checklistsAug 8-14: 0.1% of 18744 checklistsAug 15-21: 0.1% of 18721 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.1% of 28763 checklistsSep 1-7: 0.1% of 23594 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.1% of 22581 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.1% of 23036 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.2% of 29687 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.2% of 24321 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.7% of 23946 checklistsOct 15-21: 1.5% of 22191 checklistsOct 22-31: 2.8% of 30161 checklistsNov 1-7: 4.5% of 21431 checklistsNov 8-14: 6.0% of 22758 checklistsNov 15-21: 6.9% of 19988 checklistsNov 22-30: 7.6% of 27665 checklistsDec 1-7: 7.8% of 19324 checklistsDec 8-14: 7.9% of 20316 checklistsDec 15-21: 6.5% of 25675 checklistsDec 22-31: 7.7% of 38677 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Virginia that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Virginia

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Smyth CountyBest the second week of November · 68 checklists that week, 5,350 in all42%
  2. Botetourt CountyBest early February · 249 checklists that week, 12,409 in all42%
  3. Bristol CountyBest the second week of January · 12 checklists that week, 718 in all35%
  4. Portsmouth CountyBest mid January · 82 checklists that week, 3,085 in all35%
  5. King William CountyBest the second week of December · 24 checklists that week, 2,070 in all32%
  6. Staunton CountyBest late December · 161 checklists that week, 4,717 in all29%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Waterfall LakeRoanoke County, best the second week of February · 27 checklists that week, 539 in all97%
  2. Henricus Historical ParkChesterfield County, best mid January · 111 checklists that week, 3,816 in all92%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Virginia, the Gadwall is most often listed on checklists started between 1 and 3 pm (4.0% of those checklists).

0%2%4%6%12 am: too few checklists (485) to judge1 am: too few checklists (488) to judge2 am: too few checklists (423) to judge3 am: too few checklists (565) to judge4 am: too few checklists (1410) to judge5 am: too few checklists (10265) to judge6 am: 1.2% of 64788 checklists7 am: 2.6% of 169128 checklists8 am: 3.2% of 180748 checklists9 am: 3.2% of 153462 checklists10 am: 3.5% of 128966 checklists11 am: 3.8% of 104204 checklists12 pm: 3.9% of 91604 checklists1 pm: 4.0% of 85547 checklists2 pm: 4.0% of 82355 checklists3 pm: 4.0% of 82265 checklists4 pm: 3.0% of 76714 checklists5 pm: 1.7% of 56782 checklists6 pm: 0.7% of 40131 checklists7 pm: too few checklists (24290) to judge8 pm: too few checklists (7744) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (2383) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (1122) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (651) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January8.4%8.8%8.9%9.5%
February9.4%7.1%5.4%7.6%
March6.3%5.4%4.7%2.9%
April1.9%1.3%0.6%0.3%
May0.2%0.2%0.1%0.2%
June0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%
July0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%
August0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%
September0.1%0.1%0.1%0.2%
October0.2%0.7%1.5%2.8%
November4.5%6.0%6.9%7.6%
December7.8%7.9%6.5%7.7%

Neighboring states

  • District of Columbia: arrives mid October, in the same week than Virginia
  • Maryland: arrives mid October, in the same week than Virginia
  • West Virginia: arrives mid October, in the same week than Virginia
  • Delaware: arrives early October, 2 weeks earlier than Virginia

Common questions

When do Gadwalls arrive in Virginia?
Gadwalls are winter birds in Virginia: the first arrive in mid October, they are common by early November, peak in late January (9.3% of checklists), and most are gone by mid March.
When do Gadwalls leave Virginia?
Most Gadwalls have left Virginia by mid March, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until the second week of April.
When is the best time to see a Gadwall in Virginia?
The Gadwall is reported most often in late January, on about 9.3% of Virginia checklists.
Where in Virginia are Gadwalls seen most often?
By county, Smyth County, Botetourt County, and Bristol County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Gadwall (counties with at least 200 checklists).