WhenToBird

Stelgidopteryx serripennis · Hirundinidae

When Do Northern Rough-winged Swallows Arrive in Minnesota?

Adult Northern Rough-winged Swallow
Photo: Peter Chen 2.0, CC BY 4.0 via iNaturalist

Northern Rough-winged Swallows reach Minnesota in mid April, are common by late April, peak in the second week of May (6.1% of checklists), and most are gone by late July.

When to look

First arrivalsApr 15-21mid April
Common byApr 22-30late April
PeakMay 8-14the second week of May
Most gone byJul 22-31late July

Best: the second week of May. First arrivals mid April; most are gone by late July. Peak: on about 6.1% of Minnesota checklists.

  1. Jannot usually seen
  2. Febnot usually seen
  3. Marnot usually seen
  4. Aprcommon
  5. Maypeak season
  6. Junpeak season
  7. Julpeak season
  8. Auguncommon
  9. Seprare
  10. Octnot usually seen
  11. Novnot usually seen
  12. Decnot usually seen

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%2%4%6%8%Jan 1-7: 0% of 20628 checklistsJan 8-14: 0% of 14594 checklistsJan 15-21: 0% of 14238 checklistsJan 22-31: 0% of 20725 checklistsFeb 1-7: 0% of 14484 checklistsFeb 8-14: 0% of 15988 checklistsFeb 15-21: 0% of 20718 checklistsFeb 22-28: 0% of 15754 checklistsMar 1-7: 0% of 16125 checklistsMar 8-14: 0% of 19035 checklistsMar 15-21: 0% of 19586 checklistsMar 22-31: 0% of 30192 checklistsApr 1-7: 0.1% of 24262 checklistsApr 8-14: 0.2% of 30223 checklistsApr 15-21: 1.0% of 29085 checklistsApr 22-30: 3.6% of 43574 checklistsMay 1-7: 5.5% of 39300 checklistsMay 8-14: 6.0% of 45927 checklistsMay 15-21: 6.7% of 36632 checklistsMay 22-31: 5.4% of 43809 checklistsJun 1-7: 4.3% of 23418 checklistsJun 8-14: 4.5% of 20450 checklistsJun 15-21: 4.4% of 19470 checklistsJun 22-30: 4.7% of 23418 checklistsJul 1-7: 4.9% of 19104 checklistsJul 8-14: 4.5% of 16927 checklistsJul 15-21: 3.8% of 15635 checklistsJul 22-31: 2.7% of 22073 checklistsAug 1-7: 2.1% of 16255 checklistsAug 8-14: 1.6% of 16840 checklistsAug 15-21: 1.3% of 17475 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.8% of 26545 checklistsSep 1-7: 0.4% of 20750 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.2% of 18494 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.1% of 18215 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.1% of 24463 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.1% of 18252 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.1% of 19527 checklistsOct 15-21: 0% of 17098 checklistsOct 22-31: 0% of 24570 checklistsNov 1-7: 0% of 16744 checklistsNov 8-14: 0% of 13483 checklistsNov 15-21: 0% of 12525 checklistsNov 22-30: 0% of 17023 checklistsDec 1-7: 0% of 11645 checklistsDec 8-14: 0% of 11567 checklistsDec 15-21: 0% of 13343 checklistsDec 22-31: 0% of 19759 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Minnesota that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Minnesota

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Lyon CountyBest mid June · 69 checklists that week, 4,283 in all25%
  2. Houston CountyBest the second week of May · 262 checklists that week, 4,754 in all21%
  3. Mower CountyBest late May · 97 checklists that week, 2,590 in all21%
  4. Yellow Medicine CountyBest late May · 69 checklists that week, 1,931 in all20%
  5. Goodhue CountyBest late May · 553 checklists that week, 16,294 in all18%
  6. Lac qui Parle CountyBest mid May · 56 checklists that week, 3,681 in all16%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish RefugeHouston County, best early June · 22 checklists that week, 190 in all52%
  2. Battle Creek Regional Park (west)Ramsey County, best late June · 24 checklists that week, 720 in all52%
  3. Big Stone National Wildlife RefugeLac qui Parle County, best the second week of May · 25 checklists that week, 426 in all51%
  4. Whitewater State ParkWinona County, best mid May · 29 checklists that week, 623 in all48%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Minnesota, the Northern Rough-winged Swallow is most often listed on checklists started between 6 and 8 pm (2.5% of those checklists).

0%1%2%3%4%12 am: too few checklists (349) to judge1 am: too few checklists (331) to judge2 am: too few checklists (286) to judge3 am: too few checklists (364) to judge4 am: too few checklists (863) to judge5 am: too few checklists (7598) to judge6 am: 3.2% of 35775 checklists7 am: 2.2% of 90565 checklists8 am: 1.9% of 110612 checklists9 am: 1.9% of 106128 checklists10 am: 1.8% of 96131 checklists11 am: 1.7% of 83750 checklists12 pm: 1.6% of 76254 checklists1 pm: 1.6% of 73480 checklists2 pm: 1.6% of 73703 checklists3 pm: 1.5% of 75249 checklists4 pm: 1.7% of 68810 checklists5 pm: 2.2% of 51899 checklists6 pm: 2.4% of 38524 checklists7 pm: 2.7% of 25120 checklists8 pm: too few checklists (10568) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (2420) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (748) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (420) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January0%0%0%0%
February0%0%0%0%
March0%0%0%0%
April0.1%0.2%1.0%3.6%
May5.5%6.0%6.7%5.4%
June4.3%4.5%4.4%4.7%
July4.9%4.5%3.8%2.7%
August2.1%1.6%1.3%0.8%
September0.4%0.2%0.1%0.1%
October0.1%0.1%0%0%
November0%0%0%0%
December0%0%0%0%

Neighboring states

  • Iowa: arrives the second week of April, 1 week earlier than Minnesota
  • Wisconsin: arrives the second week of April, 1 week earlier than Minnesota
  • South Dakota: arrives mid April, in the same week than Minnesota
  • North Dakota: arrives late April, 1 week later than Minnesota

Common questions

When do Northern Rough-winged Swallows arrive in Minnesota?
Northern Rough-winged Swallows reach Minnesota in mid April, are common by late April, peak in the second week of May (6.1% of checklists), and most are gone by late July.
When do Northern Rough-winged Swallows leave Minnesota?
Most Northern Rough-winged Swallows have left Minnesota by late July, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until mid August.
When is the best time to see a Northern Rough-winged Swallow in Minnesota?
The Northern Rough-winged Swallow is reported most often in the second week of May, on about 6.1% of Minnesota checklists.
Where in Minnesota are Northern Rough-winged Swallows seen most often?
By county, Lyon County, Houston County, and Mower County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Northern Rough-winged Swallow (counties with at least 200 checklists).