WhenToBird

Junco hyemalis · Passerellidae

When Do Dark-eyed Juncos Arrive in South Dakota?

Adult male Dark-eyed Junco
Photo: Jimmy Dee, CC BY-SA 4.0 via iNaturalist

Dark-eyed Juncos are in South Dakota all year, but most are here in winter: numbers build from the second week of October, peak in late October (38% of checklists), and fall back by the second week of April. In the quietest week (the second week of May) they are still on about 2.8% of checklists.

When to look

Numbers buildOct 8-14the second week of October
PeakOct 22-31late October
Fall back byApr 8-14the second week of April
FewestMay 8-14the second week of May

Best: late October. Here all year; numbers build from the second week of October and fall back by the second week of April. Peak: on about 38% of South Dakota checklists.

  1. Janpeak season
  2. Febpeak season
  3. Marpeak season
  4. Aprpeak season
  5. Mayrare
  6. Jununcommon
  7. Juluncommon
  8. Augrare
  9. Sepuncommon
  10. Octpeak season
  11. Novpeak season
  12. Decpeak season

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%20%40%60%Jan 1-7: 31% of 1699 checklistsJan 8-14: 34% of 967 checklistsJan 15-21: 35% of 893 checklistsJan 22-31: 30% of 1338 checklistsFeb 1-7: 32% of 898 checklistsFeb 8-14: 37% of 1013 checklistsFeb 15-21: 36% of 1650 checklistsFeb 22-28: 31% of 1011 checklistsMar 1-7: 29% of 1304 checklistsMar 8-14: 32% of 1447 checklistsMar 15-21: 33% of 1524 checklistsMar 22-31: 34% of 2850 checklistsApr 1-7: 32% of 2170 checklistsApr 8-14: 27% of 2259 checklistsApr 15-21: 18% of 2578 checklistsApr 22-30: 9.2% of 3858 checklistsMay 1-7: 3.3% of 3532 checklistsMay 8-14: 2.7% of 4498 checklistsMay 15-21: 2.5% of 4211 checklistsMay 22-31: 4.7% of 5094 checklistsJun 1-7: 7.0% of 3279 checklistsJun 8-14: 6.7% of 3503 checklistsJun 15-21: 6.7% of 2861 checklistsJun 22-30: 7.2% of 3893 checklistsJul 1-7: 6.7% of 2666 checklistsJul 8-14: 6.1% of 2554 checklistsJul 15-21: 6.4% of 2412 checklistsJul 22-31: 4.5% of 2746 checklistsAug 1-7: 4.2% of 1842 checklistsAug 8-14: 2.7% of 1899 checklistsAug 15-21: 4.3% of 1757 checklistsAug 22-31: 3.5% of 2464 checklistsSep 1-7: 3.7% of 1894 checklistsSep 8-14: 4.3% of 1794 checklistsSep 15-21: 4.7% of 1671 checklistsSep 22-30: 10% of 2085 checklistsOct 1-7: 15% of 1429 checklistsOct 8-14: 32% of 1441 checklistsOct 15-21: 35% of 1330 checklistsOct 22-31: 42% of 1471 checklistsNov 1-7: 36% of 1168 checklistsNov 8-14: 33% of 1068 checklistsNov 15-21: 32% of 985 checklistsNov 22-30: 35% of 1108 checklistsDec 1-7: 36% of 890 checklistsDec 8-14: 36% of 957 checklistsDec 15-21: 34% of 1246 checklistsDec 22-31: 39% of 1514 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in South Dakota that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in South Dakota

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Sanborn CountyBest the second week of January · 12 checklists that week, 748 in all93%
  2. Clay CountyBest the second week of December · 10 checklists that week, 2,633 in all83%
  3. Roberts CountyBest mid January · 46 checklists that week, 3,523 in all78%
  4. Lincoln CountyBest early November · 31 checklists that week, 2,721 in all66%
  5. Codington CountyBest mid October · 10 checklists that week, 1,303 in all65%
  6. Douglas CountyBest early January · 47 checklists that week, 3,141 in all62%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Farm IslandHughes County, best mid October · 24 checklists that week, 825 in all92%
  2. McCrory Gardens and South Dakota ArboretumBrookings County, best mid October · 20 checklists that week, 382 in all88%
  3. Dakota Nature ParkBrookings County, best mid March · 29 checklists that week, 1,079 in all86%
  4. SertomaMinnehaha County, best early April · 22 checklists that week, 764 in all77%
  5. Black Elk WildernessCuster County, best early June · 25 checklists that week, 160 in all76%
  6. Cow Creek Recreation AreaSully County, best late October · 23 checklists that week, 140 in all57%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In South Dakota, the Dark-eyed Junco is most often listed on checklists started between 8 and 10 am (23% of those checklists).

0%10%20%30%12 am: too few checklists (49) to judge1 am: too few checklists (44) to judge2 am: too few checklists (33) to judge3 am: too few checklists (59) to judge4 am: too few checklists (227) to judge5 am: too few checklists (1080) to judge6 am: 10% of 3387 checklists7 am: 15% of 7718 checklists8 am: 22% of 10342 checklists9 am: 23% of 10758 checklists10 am: 18% of 9123 checklists11 am: 17% of 7814 checklists12 pm: 16% of 6876 checklists1 pm: 17% of 6801 checklists2 pm: 14% of 6673 checklists3 pm: 14% of 6344 checklists4 pm: 14% of 6412 checklists5 pm: 9.8% of 5570 checklists6 pm: 8.0% of 4276 checklists7 pm: 4.6% of 3183 checklists8 pm: too few checklists (1499) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (329) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (82) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (42) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January31%34%35%30%
February32%37%36%31%
March29%32%33%34%
April32%27%18%9.2%
May3.3%2.7%2.5%4.7%
June7.0%6.7%6.7%7.2%
July6.7%6.1%6.4%4.5%
August4.2%2.7%4.3%3.5%
September3.7%4.3%4.7%10%
October15%32%35%42%
November36%33%32%35%
December36%36%34%39%

Neighboring states

  • Nebraska: arrives early October, 1 week earlier than South Dakota
  • North Dakota: arrives mid September, 3 weeks earlier than South Dakota
  • Minnesota: arrives mid September, 3 weeks earlier than South Dakota
  • Iowa: arrives early October, 1 week earlier than South Dakota

Common questions

When do Dark-eyed Juncos arrive in South Dakota?
Dark-eyed Juncos are in South Dakota all year, but most are here in winter: numbers build from the second week of October, peak in late October (38% of checklists), and fall back by the second week of April. In the quietest week (the second week of May) they are still on about 2.8% of checklists.
When do Dark-eyed Juncos leave South Dakota?
Dark-eyed Juncos never fully leave South Dakota: numbers fall back below half their usual rate by the second week of April, but some are still reported in every week, about 2.8% of checklists at the low.
When is the best time to see a Dark-eyed Junco in South Dakota?
The Dark-eyed Junco is reported most often in late October, on about 38% of South Dakota checklists.
Where in South Dakota are Dark-eyed Juncos seen most often?
By county, Sanborn County, Clay County, and Roberts County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Dark-eyed Junco (counties with at least 200 checklists).