WhenToBird

Falco mexicanus · Falconidae

When Do Prairie Falcons Arrive in South Dakota?

Adult Prairie Falcon
Photo: CK2AZ, CC BY 4.0 via iNaturalist

Prairie Falcons are winter birds in South Dakota: they arrive in late May, peak in the second week of January (1.3% of checklists), and most are gone by the second week of March.

When to look

First arrivalsMay 22-31late May
Common byMay 22-31late May
PeakJan 8-14the second week of January
Most gone byMar 8-14the second week of March

Best: the second week of January. First arrivals late May; most are gone by the second week of March. Peak: on about 1.3% of South Dakota checklists.

  1. Janpeak season
  2. Febcommon
  3. Marcommon
  4. Apruncommon
  5. Mayuncommon
  6. Juncommon
  7. Julcommon
  8. Augcommon
  9. Sepcommon
  10. Octcommon
  11. Novcommon
  12. Decpeak season

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%0.5%1%1.5%2%Jan 1-7: 1.3% of 1699 checklistsJan 8-14: 1.0% of 967 checklistsJan 15-21: 1.6% of 893 checklistsJan 22-31: 0.7% of 1338 checklistsFeb 1-7: 0.9% of 898 checklistsFeb 8-14: 0.9% of 1013 checklistsFeb 15-21: 0.5% of 1650 checklistsFeb 22-28: 0.6% of 1011 checklistsMar 1-7: 0.6% of 1304 checklistsMar 8-14: 0.5% of 1447 checklistsMar 15-21: 0.1% of 1524 checklistsMar 22-31: 0.2% of 2850 checklistsApr 1-7: 0.1% of 2170 checklistsApr 8-14: 0.3% of 2259 checklistsApr 15-21: 0.1% of 2578 checklistsApr 22-30: 0.3% of 3858 checklistsMay 1-7: 0.3% of 3532 checklistsMay 8-14: 0.3% of 4498 checklistsMay 15-21: 0.3% of 4211 checklistsMay 22-31: 0.4% of 5094 checklistsJun 1-7: 0.5% of 3279 checklistsJun 8-14: 0.6% of 3503 checklistsJun 15-21: 0.6% of 2861 checklistsJun 22-30: 0.7% of 3893 checklistsJul 1-7: 0.3% of 2666 checklistsJul 8-14: 0.7% of 2554 checklistsJul 15-21: 0.5% of 2412 checklistsJul 22-31: 0.6% of 2746 checklistsAug 1-7: 0.5% of 1842 checklistsAug 8-14: 0.3% of 1899 checklistsAug 15-21: 0.6% of 1757 checklistsAug 22-31: 0.5% of 2464 checklistsSep 1-7: 1.0% of 1894 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.8% of 1794 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.6% of 1671 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.7% of 2085 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.6% of 1429 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.3% of 1441 checklistsOct 15-21: 0.8% of 1330 checklistsOct 22-31: 0.4% of 1471 checklistsNov 1-7: 0.8% of 1168 checklistsNov 8-14: 0.4% of 1068 checklistsNov 15-21: 0.5% of 985 checklistsNov 22-30: 0.9% of 1108 checklistsDec 1-7: 1.0% of 890 checklistsDec 8-14: 0.5% of 957 checklistsDec 15-21: 0.9% of 1246 checklistsDec 22-31: 1.1% of 1514 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in South Dakota that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in South Dakota

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Harding CountyBest late December · 10 checklists that week, 1,088 in all19%
  2. Jackson CountyBest early March · 11 checklists that week, 3,039 in all17%
  3. Jones CountyBest early January · 23 checklists that week, 425 in all16%
  4. Lyman CountyBest mid December · 12 checklists that week, 878 in all15%
  5. Sully CountyBest mid February · 11 checklists that week, 632 in all14%
  6. Butte CountyBest early January · 20 checklists that week, 987 in all8.7%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Jewel Cave National MonumentCuster County, best the second week of July · 20 checklists that week, 308 in all5.9%
  2. Badlands National ParkJackson County, best the second week of September · 20 checklists that week, 487 in all5.6%
  3. Badlands National Park (Millard Ridge)Jackson County, best late May · 20 checklists that week, 261 in all3.7%
  4. Wind Cave National ParkCuster County, best late July · 33 checklists that week, 475 in all2.7%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In South Dakota, the Prairie Falcon is most often listed on checklists started between 8 and 10 am (0.6% of those checklists).

0%0.5%1%12 am: too few checklists (49) to judge1 am: too few checklists (44) to judge2 am: too few checklists (33) to judge3 am: too few checklists (59) to judge4 am: too few checklists (227) to judge5 am: too few checklists (1080) to judge6 am: 0.5% of 3387 checklists7 am: 0.5% of 7718 checklists8 am: 0.6% of 10342 checklists9 am: 0.6% of 10758 checklists10 am: 0.6% of 9123 checklists11 am: 0.5% of 7814 checklists12 pm: 0.4% of 6876 checklists1 pm: 0.5% of 6801 checklists2 pm: 0.6% of 6673 checklists3 pm: 0.5% of 6344 checklists4 pm: 0.5% of 6412 checklists5 pm: 0.4% of 5570 checklists6 pm: 0.2% of 4276 checklists7 pm: 0.3% of 3183 checklists8 pm: too few checklists (1499) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (329) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (82) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (42) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January1.3%1.0%1.6%0.7%
February0.9%0.9%0.5%0.6%
March0.6%0.5%0.1%0.2%
April0.1%0.3%0.1%0.3%
May0.3%0.3%0.3%0.4%
June0.5%0.6%0.6%0.7%
July0.3%0.7%0.5%0.6%
August0.5%0.3%0.6%0.5%
September1.0%0.8%0.6%0.7%
October0.6%0.3%0.8%0.4%
November0.8%0.4%0.5%0.9%
December1.0%0.5%0.9%1.1%

Neighboring states

  • Colorado: arrives early June, 1 week later than South Dakota
  • Wyoming: year-round, peaks late July
  • Montana: arrives the second week of June, 2 weeks later than South Dakota
  • Utah: arrives late August, 12 weeks later than South Dakota

Common questions

When do Prairie Falcons arrive in South Dakota?
Prairie Falcons are winter birds in South Dakota: they arrive in late May, peak in the second week of January (1.3% of checklists), and most are gone by the second week of March.
When do Prairie Falcons leave South Dakota?
Most Prairie Falcons have left South Dakota by the second week of March, when reports fall below half their usual rate.
When is the best time to see a Prairie Falcon in South Dakota?
The Prairie Falcon is reported most often in the second week of January, on about 1.3% of South Dakota checklists.
Where in South Dakota are Prairie Falcons seen most often?
By county, Harding County, Jackson County, and Jones County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Prairie Falcon (counties with at least 200 checklists).