WhenToBird

Progne subis · Hirundinidae

When Do Purple Martins Arrive in Virginia?

Adult female Purple Martin
Photo: Ron Bondy, CC BY-SA 4.0 via iNaturalist

Purple Martins reach Virginia in late March, are common by the second week of April, peak in mid July (11% of checklists), and most are gone by mid August.

When to look

First arrivalsMar 22-31late March
Common byApr 8-14the second week of April
PeakJul 15-21mid July
Most gone byAug 15-21mid August

Best: mid July. First arrivals late March; most are gone by mid August. Peak: on about 11% of Virginia checklists.

  1. Jannot usually seen
  2. Febnot usually seen
  3. Maruncommon
  4. Aprcommon
  5. Maycommon
  6. Juncommon
  7. Julpeak season
  8. Augpeak season
  9. Sepuncommon
  10. Octnot usually seen
  11. Novnot usually seen
  12. Decnot usually seen

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%5%10%15%Jan 1-7: 0% of 32817 checklistsJan 8-14: 0% of 25111 checklistsJan 15-21: 0% of 25510 checklistsJan 22-31: 0% of 34492 checklistsFeb 1-7: 0% of 24950 checklistsFeb 8-14: 0% of 28224 checklistsFeb 15-21: 0% of 43578 checklistsFeb 22-28: 0.1% of 26467 checklistsMar 1-7: 0.1% of 25851 checklistsMar 8-14: 0.1% of 25901 checklistsMar 15-21: 0.5% of 26747 checklistsMar 22-31: 1.8% of 40819 checklistsApr 1-7: 3.2% of 31351 checklistsApr 8-14: 4.4% of 33239 checklistsApr 15-21: 4.7% of 37284 checklistsApr 22-30: 4.9% of 54364 checklistsMay 1-7: 5.3% of 47698 checklistsMay 8-14: 5.4% of 46174 checklistsMay 15-21: 6.2% of 36444 checklistsMay 22-31: 6.5% of 43203 checklistsJun 1-7: 6.7% of 28503 checklistsJun 8-14: 6.8% of 25485 checklistsJun 15-21: 7.0% of 23728 checklistsJun 22-30: 7.6% of 28785 checklistsJul 1-7: 9.7% of 22294 checklistsJul 8-14: 11% of 20481 checklistsJul 15-21: 11% of 18914 checklistsJul 22-31: 10% of 26976 checklistsAug 1-7: 9.2% of 19555 checklistsAug 8-14: 7.4% of 18744 checklistsAug 15-21: 4.9% of 18721 checklistsAug 22-31: 3.1% of 28763 checklistsSep 1-7: 1.6% of 23594 checklistsSep 8-14: 0.9% of 22581 checklistsSep 15-21: 0.5% of 23036 checklistsSep 22-30: 0.1% of 29687 checklistsOct 1-7: 0.1% of 24321 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.1% of 23946 checklistsOct 15-21: 0.1% of 22191 checklistsOct 22-31: 0% of 30161 checklistsNov 1-7: 0% of 21431 checklistsNov 8-14: 0% of 22758 checklistsNov 15-21: 0% of 19988 checklistsNov 22-30: 0% of 27665 checklistsDec 1-7: 0% of 19324 checklistsDec 8-14: 0% of 20316 checklistsDec 15-21: 0% of 25675 checklistsDec 22-31: 0% of 38677 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Virginia that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Virginia

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Norfolk CountyBest the second week of July · 307 checklists that week, 21,204 in all51%
  2. Clarke CountyBest mid July · 107 checklists that week, 8,388 in all43%
  3. Surry CountyBest late July · 135 checklists that week, 2,669 in all43%
  4. King William CountyBest the second week of August · 51 checklists that week, 2,070 in all40%
  5. Emporia CountyBest early July · 13 checklists that week, 295 in all39%
  6. Virginia Beach CountyBest mid July · 751 checklists that week, 70,485 in all39%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Elklick PreserveFairfax County, best mid June · 29 checklists that week, 2,324 in all91%
  2. Ocean View BeachNorfolk County, best late April · 24 checklists that week, 495 in all86%
  3. Bush Island CoveVirginia Beach County, best late July · 119 checklists that week, 6,303 in all85%
  4. Bowmans PondFauquier County, best early May · 20 checklists that week, 529 in all81%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Virginia, the Purple Martin is most often listed on checklists started between 6 and 8 am (4.7% of those checklists).

0%2%4%6%8%12 am: too few checklists (485) to judge1 am: too few checklists (488) to judge2 am: too few checklists (423) to judge3 am: too few checklists (565) to judge4 am: too few checklists (1410) to judge5 am: too few checklists (10265) to judge6 am: 7.5% of 64788 checklists7 am: 3.7% of 169128 checklists8 am: 2.8% of 180748 checklists9 am: 2.7% of 153462 checklists10 am: 2.6% of 128966 checklists11 am: 2.3% of 104204 checklists12 pm: 2.1% of 91604 checklists1 pm: 2.0% of 85547 checklists2 pm: 2.0% of 82355 checklists3 pm: 1.9% of 82265 checklists4 pm: 2.1% of 76714 checklists5 pm: 3.1% of 56782 checklists6 pm: 3.9% of 40131 checklists7 pm: too few checklists (24290) to judge8 pm: too few checklists (7744) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (2383) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (1122) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (651) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January0%0%0%0%
February0%0%0%0.1%
March0.1%0.1%0.5%1.8%
April3.2%4.4%4.7%4.9%
May5.3%5.4%6.2%6.5%
June6.7%6.8%7.0%7.6%
July9.7%11%11%10%
August9.2%7.4%4.9%3.1%
September1.6%0.9%0.5%0.1%
October0.1%0.1%0.1%0%
November0%0%0%0%
December0%0%0%0%

Neighboring states

  • District of Columbia: arrives late March, in the same week than Virginia
  • Maryland: arrives late March, in the same week than Virginia
  • West Virginia: arrives the second week of April, 2 weeks later than Virginia
  • Delaware: arrives late March, in the same week than Virginia

Common questions

When do Purple Martins arrive in Virginia?
Purple Martins reach Virginia in late March, are common by the second week of April, peak in mid July (11% of checklists), and most are gone by mid August.
When do Purple Martins leave Virginia?
Most Purple Martins have left Virginia by mid August, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until early September.
When is the best time to see a Purple Martin in Virginia?
The Purple Martin is reported most often in mid July, on about 11% of Virginia checklists.
Where in Virginia are Purple Martins seen most often?
By county, Norfolk County, Clarke County, and Surry County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Purple Martin (counties with at least 200 checklists).