WhenToBird

Tachycineta bicolor · Hirundinidae

When Do Tree Swallows Arrive in Minnesota?

Adult Tree Swallow
Photo: Carter Dorscht, CC0 1.0 via iNaturalist

Tree Swallows reach Minnesota in early April, are common by mid April, peak in the second week of May (32% of checklists), and most are gone by late July.

When to look

First arrivalsApr 1-7early April
Common byApr 15-21mid April
PeakMay 8-14the second week of May
Most gone byJul 22-31late July

Best: the second week of May. First arrivals early April; most are gone by late July. Peak: on about 32% of Minnesota checklists.

  1. Jannot usually seen
  2. Febnot usually seen
  3. Marrare
  4. Aprpeak season
  5. Maypeak season
  6. Junpeak season
  7. Julcommon
  8. Auguncommon
  9. Sepuncommon
  10. Octnot usually seen
  11. Novnot usually seen
  12. Decnot usually seen

Darker months: more checklists report it. Outlined: peak month.

0%10%20%30%40%Jan 1-7: 0% of 20628 checklistsJan 8-14: 0% of 14594 checklistsJan 15-21: 0% of 14238 checklistsJan 22-31: 0% of 20725 checklistsFeb 1-7: 0% of 14484 checklistsFeb 8-14: 0% of 15988 checklistsFeb 15-21: 0% of 20718 checklistsFeb 22-28: 0% of 15754 checklistsMar 1-7: 0% of 16125 checklistsMar 8-14: 0.1% of 19035 checklistsMar 15-21: 0.1% of 19586 checklistsMar 22-31: 1.1% of 30192 checklistsApr 1-7: 4.9% of 24262 checklistsApr 8-14: 13% of 30223 checklistsApr 15-21: 17% of 29085 checklistsApr 22-30: 25% of 43574 checklistsMay 1-7: 33% of 39300 checklistsMay 8-14: 32% of 45927 checklistsMay 15-21: 31% of 36632 checklistsMay 22-31: 30% of 43809 checklistsJun 1-7: 27% of 23418 checklistsJun 8-14: 28% of 20450 checklistsJun 15-21: 27% of 19470 checklistsJun 22-30: 27% of 23418 checklistsJul 1-7: 23% of 19104 checklistsJul 8-14: 19% of 16927 checklistsJul 15-21: 16% of 15635 checklistsJul 22-31: 14% of 22073 checklistsAug 1-7: 12% of 16255 checklistsAug 8-14: 12% of 16840 checklistsAug 15-21: 10% of 17475 checklistsAug 22-31: 7.6% of 26545 checklistsSep 1-7: 6.0% of 20750 checklistsSep 8-14: 3.4% of 18494 checklistsSep 15-21: 2.3% of 18215 checklistsSep 22-30: 1.5% of 24463 checklistsOct 1-7: 1.0% of 18252 checklistsOct 8-14: 0.9% of 19527 checklistsOct 15-21: 0.2% of 17098 checklistsOct 22-31: 0.1% of 24570 checklistsNov 1-7: 0.1% of 16744 checklistsNov 8-14: 0.1% of 13483 checklistsNov 15-21: 0% of 12525 checklistsNov 22-30: 0% of 17023 checklistsDec 1-7: 0% of 11645 checklistsDec 8-14: 0% of 11567 checklistsDec 15-21: 0% of 13343 checklistsDec 22-31: 0% of 19759 checklistsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Share of complete checklists reporting it, by week (4 per month). Grey bars: fewer than 10 checklists, not counted.

Frequency is the share of complete checklists in Minnesota that listed the bird, 2016–2025. It is not a head count, and it follows where and when people go birding. How to read it.

JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
today
Second week of November

Each county is shaded by the share of complete checklists there that listed the bird, blended with the weeks either side. Darker is more often. It follows where people watch birds, not how many birds there are. How to read it.

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Where in Minnesota

Best counties

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Stevens CountyBest mid May · 160 checklists that week, 2,839 in all63%
  2. Todd CountyBest the second week of June · 94 checklists that week, 4,802 in all62%
  3. Le Sueur CountyBest mid June · 104 checklists that week, 5,034 in all60%
  4. Pope CountyBest the second week of May · 53 checklists that week, 1,411 in all59%
  5. Murray CountyBest mid May · 73 checklists that week, 1,513 in all57%
  6. Otter Tail CountyBest mid May · 454 checklists that week, 10,351 in all57%

Best spots

Share of checklists at the peak
  1. Frontenac State Park (west)Goodhue County, best late May · 22 checklists that week, 463 in all95%
  2. Hamden Slough National Wildlife RefugeBecker County, best early July · 23 checklists that week, 278 in all94%
  3. Tamarack Nature CenterRamsey County, best the second week of June · 42 checklists that week, 1,999 in all93%
  4. Eastside State Wildlife Management AreaOlmsted County, best mid May · 42 checklists that week, 1,303 in all92%
  5. Lake Shetek State ParkMurray County, best mid May · 21 checklists that week, 234 in all92%

Busy spots report more of everything; compare the checklist counts before you drive anywhere.

Best time of day

In Minnesota, the Tree Swallow is most often listed on checklists started between 6 and 8 am (17% of those checklists).

0%10%20%30%12 am: too few checklists (349) to judge1 am: too few checklists (331) to judge2 am: too few checklists (286) to judge3 am: too few checklists (364) to judge4 am: too few checklists (863) to judge5 am: too few checklists (7598) to judge6 am: 22% of 35775 checklists7 am: 14% of 90565 checklists8 am: 13% of 110612 checklists9 am: 12% of 106128 checklists10 am: 11% of 96131 checklists11 am: 10% of 83750 checklists12 pm: 9.5% of 76254 checklists1 pm: 9.3% of 73480 checklists2 pm: 8.9% of 73703 checklists3 pm: 8.7% of 75249 checklists4 pm: 9.7% of 68810 checklists5 pm: 12% of 51899 checklists6 pm: 14% of 38524 checklists7 pm: 16% of 25120 checklists8 pm: too few checklists (10568) to judge9 pm: too few checklists (2420) to judge10 pm: too few checklists (748) to judge11 pm: too few checklists (420) to judge12a3a6a9a12p3p6p9p
Share of checklists started in each local hour that reported it. It reflects when people go birding as well as when birds are active. Grey hours have too few checklists (under 2% of the state’s, or under 200) to judge.
Week-by-week table
MonthDays 1-78-1415-2122-end
January0%0%0%0%
February0%0%0%0%
March0%0.1%0.1%1.1%
April4.9%13%17%25%
May33%32%31%30%
June27%28%27%27%
July23%19%16%14%
August12%12%10%7.6%
September6.0%3.4%2.3%1.5%
October1.0%0.9%0.2%0.1%
November0.1%0.1%0%0%
December0%0%0%0%

Neighboring states

  • Iowa: arrives mid March, 2 weeks earlier than Minnesota
  • Wisconsin: arrives late March, 1 week earlier than Minnesota
  • South Dakota: arrives early April, in the same week than Minnesota
  • North Dakota: arrives the second week of April, 1 week later than Minnesota

Common questions

When do Tree Swallows arrive in Minnesota?
Tree Swallows reach Minnesota in early April, are common by mid April, peak in the second week of May (32% of checklists), and most are gone by late July.
When do Tree Swallows leave Minnesota?
Most Tree Swallows have left Minnesota by late July, when reports fall below half their usual rate. Stragglers are still reported until the second week of September.
When is the best time to see a Tree Swallow in Minnesota?
The Tree Swallow is reported most often in the second week of May, on about 32% of Minnesota checklists.
Where in Minnesota are Tree Swallows seen most often?
By county, Stevens County, Todd County, and Le Sueur County have the highest peak reporting rates for the Tree Swallow (counties with at least 200 checklists).